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Jacob Barit
Jakob Barit (aka ''Yankele Kovner''), (September 12, 1797 in Simno, New East Prussia, Kingdom of Prussia – March 6, 1883) was a Russian Talmudist and communal worker. He died in Vilna at the age of 84.
==Biography==
He lost his parents early in life, and at the age of fourteen came to the city of Kovno, where he studied Talmud in the ''bet ha-midrash'' of the suburb Slobodka. At the age of eighteen, he married the daughter of a wealthy relative, and with the financial assistance of that relative continued his Talmudic studies for another six years, when his wife died and he removed to Wilna. There he entered the bet hamidrash of Rabbi Hayyim Nachman Parnes, at the same time studying modern languages and sciences; and he soon acquired a fair knowledge of Russian, German, French, algebra, and astronomy. Like many of the Russo-Jewish scholars of that time, he started a whisky distillery business, and with his versatility and energy made quite a success of it. But unfortunately, private distilleries in cities were prohibited by the Russian government by the law of 1845, and as a consequence Barit was financially ruined.
When Sir Moses Montefiore visited Vilna in 1846, he spent considerable time in Barit's house, and was guided by his advice as to the form of the petition to Emperor Nicholas I, on behalf of the oppressed Russian Jews.
In 1850, when Hayyim Parnes established a ''yeshiva'' for the education of rabbis, Barit was appointed principal (''rosh-yeshibah''), a position he held for twenty-five years until sickness forced him to resign. About twenty-five learned Talmudic students attended his lectures daily, and many of the eminent Russian rabbis and scholars were graduates of his ''yeshivah''. He was much admired for the logical and shrewd style of his lectures, which differed much from the scholastic and sophistic style of the Polish Talmudists of his time. While he refused to hold the office of a rabbi, he was for many years one of the ''dayyanim'' (judges) of the Wilna community.
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